DROXIEM
Pharmacologic Classification
Hydroxyzine competes with histamine for binding at H1-receptor sites on the effector cell surface, resulting in suppression of histaminic edema, flare, and pruritus. The sedative properties of hydroxyzine occur at the subcortical level of the CNS. Secondary to its central anticholinergic actions, hydroxyzine may be effective as an antiemetic.
Therapeutic Indication
Used as an anxiolytic, as an adjunct to pre- and postoperative medication and in the management of pruritus and urticaria. It has been used as an adjunct to opioid analgesia in the management of cancer pain.
For symptomatic relief of anxiety and tension associated with psychoneurosis and as an adjunct in organic disease states in which anxiety is manifested. Useful in the management of pruritus due to allergic conditions such as chronic urticaria.
Dosage Forms
50 mg/ml, aml ampoule
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics
Metabolism: Hepatic to multiple metabolites, including cetirizine (active)
Excretion: Urine; active metabolite (cetirizine) is renally eliminated
Dose Range
For adults psychiatric and emotional emergencies including acute alcoholism IM: 50-100 mg stat., and q 4-6 h prn.; Nausea and vomiting excluding nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Adult: 25-200 mg IM; Children 0.5 mg/lb body weight IM; Preand postoperative adjunctive medication: adults: 25-00 mg IM; Children 0.5 mg/lb body weight IM pre and postpartum adjunctive therapy 25-100 mg IM.
Known Adverse Effects and Toxicities
The most common adverse effect of the sedating antihistamine is CNS dpression, with effects varying from slight drowsiness to deep sleep and including lassitude, dizziness and incoordination. These sedative effects, when they occur, may diminish after a few days of treatment.
Special Precautions
Antihistamines sometimes cause rashes and hypersensitivity reactions and cross-sensitivity to related drugs may occur. Photosensitivity can be a problem, particularly with the phenothiazine antihistamines. Blood disorders, including agranulocytosis, leucopenia, haemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, although rare, have been reported. Jaundice has also been observed, particularly with the phenothiazine antihistamines.
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